Anton Chekhov. Charming short story. He suffered from poverty in his childhood and was treating the poor for free.

Anton Chekhov

Failed 15 times in the Greek language exam in the school which was later renamed as the "School of Chekhov."
His father fled to Moscow for debt. Was left in front of his mother not to sell the family property to finish secondary education.
He wrote "humorous sketches" in newspapers and magazines with aliases for a pittance to support his family.
Literary critics have described his short satiric nature as "allegory of life's little details.
RPR a unique ability to notice details so that he once said he believed that "genius is the power of observation."
He predicted in his literary works by "Bolshevik revolution" against Czarist rule before it happened 20 years ago.

Anton Chekhov Charming short story

The Russian writer Anton Chekhov, is "indisputably" short story, described critics of literature in his cynical nature world "allegory of life's little details.

Chekhov lived between literature and medicine, GP after graduating in medicine from the University of Moscow, and was treating the poor in his clinic for free, and are distinguished in his character with unique ability to notice details, to the extent that he once said he believed that "genius is the power of observation."

Born Anton Pavlovich Chekhov on 29 October 1860 for the large family was living in the city of Taganrog, a port on the sea of Azov South Russia, his father was a grocer, and his mother was a housewife and had described Chekhov in his letters to his friends as "excellent" narrator of children's tales, he Affected so much as a scholar and novelist anecdotal writings afterward, so he said "I took the spirit of writing from my mother."

The suffering of early childhood:

PIP Chekhov in his boyhood Greek school, named after the bat named "School of Chekhov" after the writer won fame, but he wasn't the star student, failed 15 times in the Greek language exam, so I finally was able to pass the exam in the sixteenth time, however, he became famous among students Wry comments and his satirical launch titles for teachers, was writing parking and short comic stories comic, all lost and didn't know her way to start publishing, because – according to him – "don't take the issue seriously enough to write, but it was considered just fun to pass the time."

"Anton" little loved theater since childhood and attended the first stage show on his life entitled "Opera Helen the beautiful" for the famous musician Bach when I was thirteen years old. From that moment became enamored of the theater, and had spent all his savings to attend plays, was his favorite "in the back" because its price is less than the front seats in the theaters. He enjoyed acting in amateur theater and was sometimes small roles in local theater offerings.

In a letter in 1892, using Chekhov "suffering" to describe his childhood, saying, "when my brothers and I were standing in the middle of church singing in angelic voices, people were watching us emotionally, envious of you our parents, although the family suffering from poverty".

Chekhov's father declared bankruptcy in 1876 substructure in obtaining financing from banks to build a new House for the family, he left the city of Taganrog "with some family members to Moscow to avoid exposure to imprisonment for debt, and his two sons were greater with" Alexander ", Nicolea and were asking Academics, and lived the rest of the family, including "Anton" poor lives in Taganrog, where his mother was devastating "emotionally and physically" as described by, leaving them only sell family property to finish his education.

A man without spleen:

He remained in Taganrog Chekhov "for three years, where he worked at several occupations, including 1" tutor, "he may hunt and sell birds" goldfinch ", he sends all" roubles "manages to idk to Moscow, with the letters" blended with humor to cheer up the family. "

During this period, read widely in literature, a passion for work of Miguel DE Cervantes and especially his great "Don Quixote", in the writings of Ivan Turgenev and Leo Tolstoy, contemporary, Arthur Schopenhauer, and others. In the meantime, apprenticed, and joined his family in 1879, after his admission to medical school at the University of Moscow.

And high Chekhov in that all his family and pay school fees for his brothers, he wrote "humorous sketches and short articles on a daily basis in newspapers and magazines, for a pittance, under pseudonyms like" man without a spleen ", earned him a reputation as a comic strip historian of everyday life in the Russian Street.

In 1884, Chekhov graduated in college and worked as a doctor and medicine afterward his career, though he made little money from this profession, and was treating the poor in a small clinic in Moscow for free.

Manifestations of genius:

Chekhov was able to draw on literary and popular level, when publishing his plays and his cynical nature and literature critics described as "allegory of life's little details," especially after I wrote about a famous Russian writer Dmitri Grigorovich, he said, addressing him in an article published in one of the newspapers Russian capital: "you have real talent, talent puts you in the first rank among the new generation book."

His stories included photographs of completed art involves a deep analysis of reality, raises some reader, indirectly, feelings of rejection of Czarist rule, and the reality of pettiness and greed and desperately seeking the sordid material interests.

These works reflect the genius of literary tradition, and Chekhov keen on photographing model personalities live in opulence high artistic social natures, some undone yield grey life conditions of calcified, and confined all their ambition to achieve frivolous desires, while the lives of other heroes Certain events of material or moral to think about the meaning of their existence and their role in life, and they finish the conviction need emancipation of bonded habit that numb their conscience and feelings, and try to change their lifestyle as they can achieve their humanity.

And style of Chekhov, brevity and condensation and agility, and is one of the most beautiful styles of writing in the Russian language, the writer gave up on maturity of resorting to external tension and excitement in the event, and depends on the dynamics of internal plot to suggest to the reader that there is Another text disappears behind The written text, it is to access and read between the lines.

In his plays, mixing comic and tragic elements of Chekhov, and use the symbol and the elements to strengthen the dramatic tension gradually growing indirect until he reaches the top in chapter three, and then return to a gradual decline. And addressed in his plays the President matters of love and artwork, longing for salvation from the monotony of everyday life, and scurrying around prospects for creative work and genuine human relationships. And photos in his play "The Cherry Orchard", the old lifestyle collapse too, Dawn new life.

These plays are abandoning the dividing characters into good guys and bad guys, and to avoid unilateral in photographing complexions, and turn away from the plot with erotic node and replace it with the plot-related internal psychological world of heroes. It does not build the play when Chekhov based collisions between characters, but on the basis of deep internal conflict in personalities, relationships show their reality and reveal the psyche and temperament.

The real drama in this event plays not being on stage, as it is the one generated in the consciousness of the viewer actually under the influence of emotional weather year for the play, and the reactions of the characters reflected in agitation and dialogues that often take the form of "monologues".

Trip to Japan:

Suddenly very ill writer injured in his health prompted him to leave Moscow, cold atmosphere to Ukraine where he lived some time alone in a House overlooking the Caspian Sea. Then in 1890 to trek by train, via horse-drawn wag on, then by boat, to the Far East, specifically to the island of Sakhalin, North of Japan, and spent there 3 months recuperate and prepare his letters written during his journey to Sakhalin "plebeian" best what he wrote in his life.

In 1897, after returning to Moscow, Chekhov bleeding in the lungs and colleagues from his doctors, showing them he was infected with tuberculosis at the top of his lungs, leading to change his lifestyle, as preferred life permanently in warm regions, he married actress named the first GA ", became his companion until his death.

And after his father's death in 1898, Chekhov bought a piece of land on the outskirts of the city of Yalta, where he built a Villa, moved in with his mother and sister the following year, and received his guests from authors such as Leo Tolstoy and Maxim Gorky and other luminaries of the era.

In 1900 he was elected honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences "," the highest institution of its kind in the country, but gave up this honor in 1902 to protest abolition of election of his friend Maxim Gorky as Member Emeritus of the Academy, by Caesar, because of "leftist" Gorky tendencies against judgment Panoramic shots.

Having a hard time emerged in Chekhov history of Russia. Tsar Alexander II was launched, at the beginning of his reign, a series of reforms too long overdue. The most important of these reforms was the abolition of the system of "slavery", but not enough to modify the oppressive conditions in the country, growing popular discontent with the slow evolution over the most radical young revolutionaries in Russia to resort to terrorism and then assassinated Alexander II, entered Russia In a dark tunnel reached its end with "the Bolshevik revolution in 1917, predicted by the author in his works before they occur by almost 20 years.

And disagreed with his friend Tolstoy, Chekhov where he in his letters to him convinced the futility of Tolstoy's ideas of refrain "resist evil by force", and the repulsion between physical love and perfect religious principles, and repeated by his heroes phrases optimistic future and belief in the inevitability of progress towards A better life.

Author's health deteriorated day by day due to tuberculosis and was transferred to a sanatorium for respiratory diseases in Germany, where he stayed there for about a year treatment. And one day in 1908, stop Kiss perfectly, after acute respiratory spent on impact, and flown from Germany to Moscow by rail in a refrigerated cart, where he was buried beside his father at the cemetery "Novodivichi" in the Russian capital.